It is said that / be said to

導入

It is said that … や He is said to … は、大学受験で非常によく出る受動態です。

People say that he is rich. を受動態にすると、It is said that he is rich. または He is said to be rich. になります。

この記事では、say / believe / think / report / know などの受動態と、that 節・to 不定詞への書き換えを整理します。

基本

伝達・認識動詞の受動態では、that 節全体を受ける It is said that … と、that 節内の主語を前に出す S is said to … の2形が重要です。

to 不定詞の形は、that 節の時制との関係によって to do / to have p.p. に分かれます。

能動態	It 形式	S is said to 形式
People say that he is honest.	It is said that he is honest.	He is said to be honest.
People believe that she knows the truth.	It is believed that she knows the truth.	She is believed to know the truth.
People say that he was rich.	It is said that he was rich.	He is said to have been rich.
People reported that they had left.	It was reported that they had left.	They were reported to have left.

It is said that …

that 節の内容全体を「〜と言われている」と表すとき、It is said that … を使います。

この It は形式主語で、that 以下が真主語です。

S is said to …

that 節の中の主語を文全体の主語にして、S is said to … と表すこともできます。

People say that he is honest. なら、he を主語にして He is said to be honest. となります。

判別のコツ

that 節の時制が同時なら to do

主節の say / believe と that 節の内容が同じ時点なら、to 不定詞は単純形を使います。

People say that he is rich. は He is said to be rich. です。is と is said が同時の関係です。

that 節の内容が前なら to have p.p.

that 節の内容が、言われている時点より前なら、to have p.p. を使います。

People say that he was rich. は He is said to have been rich. です。

「昔裕福だったと言われている」という意味になります。

過去の報道・伝聞

主節が過去なら was / were said, was / were reported になります。

They reported that the president had resigned. は It was reported that the president had resigned. または The president was reported to have resigned. です。

よくある間違い

間違い 1

間違い 2

間違い 3

まとめ

It is said that … と S is said to … は、伝聞・認識を表す受動態の重要形です。

to 不定詞に直すときは、that 節の内容が主節と同時か、それより前かを必ず確認しましょう。

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この章の進行

• ← 前の記事：群動詞の受動態
• 英文法カテゴリに戻る
• 次の記事：受動態の重要表現 →

次は、受動態の中でも 受動態の重要表現 を整理します。

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